公民参与城市公共空间治理的价值及其实现路径——来自日本的经验与启示

The Value and Realization Path of Citizen Participation in Urban Public Space Governance:Experience and Enlightenment from Japan

公民参与对中国城市公共空间治理具有多维价值。公民参与城市公共空间治理有利于构建以人民为中心的城市公共空间,增强城市治理政策的合法性与有效性,提升公共空间的品质与活力,培养城市归属感与公民意识,进而重建城市公共空间的公共性。通过对日本城市公共空间治理典型案例的研究发现:公共市场治理中的公民参与体现为需求驱动的参与式治理,城市特色街道治理中的公民参与体现为自发自主的协同式治理,城市交通站点治理中的公民参与体现为有序配合的遵从式治理。目前中国城市公共空间治理中存在参与式治理理念的缺失、参与驱动力不足、参与途径有限、参与能力匮乏等现实困境。日本城市公共空间治理中公民参与的经验可为中国提供有益启示:树立多元共治的城市公共空间治理理念,创建公民需求驱动的城市公共空间治理准则,构建公民和社会组织共同参与公共空间治理的多元渠道,培育公民参与城市公共空间治理的有效能力等。

Citizen participation is of great significance to urban public space governance in China.It is conducive to building human-centered urban public spaces,enhancing the legitimacy and effectiveness of urban governance policies,improving the quality and vitality of public spaces and cultivating the sense of belonging and civic consciousness of citizens,thus reconstructing the publicity of urban public spaces.Through the case study of typical urban public space governance in Japan,it has been found that the citizen participation in public market governance is reflected as a demand-driven participatory governance,the citizen participation in characteristic street governance is reflected as a spontaneous and independent collaborative governance and the citizen participation in traffic site governance is reflected as a compliance governance with orderly coordination.At present,there are some practical difficulties in urban public space governance in China,such as lack of participatory governance concept,lack of driving force of participation,single way of participation,and lack of awareness and ability of participation.In order to improve citizen participation in Chinese urban public space governance,it is necessary to establish a multi-governance concept of urban public space governance,build the demand-driven governance rules,stimulate the motivation of social organizations to participate in public space governance,and foster the civic consciousness and autonomy in urban public space governance.