精准就业:可行能力视角下农村弱势群体的扶贫方略

Precise Employment:Poverty Alleviation Strategy for Rural Vulnerable Groups from the Perspective of Feasible Capacity

因受诸多方面限制,农村弱势群体成为扶贫攻坚重点环节。以处于最弱势地位的农村残疾人为例,目前对其的扶贫措施多为"保命式"兜底救助,并未太涉及就业扶持,对其可行能力的关注严重不够,发展型政策成分严重不足。通过理论探析与国际经验比较发现,可行能力视角下的精准就业可为我国包括残疾人在内的农村弱势群体脱贫的有效路径,通过多维度地精准考察对象,激发其就业欲望,培养其劳动能力,并根据对象实际情况为其设定复合化、特殊化、差异化的扶助目标,在运用现代信息技术的同时增强信息的可及性,以项目制形式推动各主体互助化合作,可以有效培育农村弱势群体之可行能力,实现充分而有效的精准就业,从而最终实现精准脱贫。

Due to many restrictions,rural vulnerable groups have become the key link of poverty alleviation.Taking the rural disabled in the most disadvantaged position as an example,the current poverty alleviation measures are mostly"life-saving"assistance,not too much involved in employment support,seriously insufficient attention to their viability,and the development-oriented policy component is seriously inadequate.Through theoretical analysis and comparison with international experience,it is found that precise employment from the perspective of feasible capacity can be an effective way for rural vulnerable groups,including the disabled,to get out of poverty.Through multi-dimensional precise inspection of the object,stimulating its desire for employment,training its labor capacity,and setting a compound,special and differentiated support target according to the actual situation of the object,enhancing the accessibility of information while using modern information technology,and promoting mutual assistance and cooperation among the various subjects in the form of project system,we can effectively cultivate the viable ability of rural vulnerable groups,achieve full and effective accurate employment,and ultimately achieve precise poverty alleviation.