德勒兹与单义存在论

Deleuze and Univocal Ontology

20世纪60年代末,德勒兹将存在论与单义性联系起来。单义性的思想背景是存在论差异,这一概念的提出旨在解答存在与存在者的关系问题。单义性植根于中世纪哲学,肇始于邓·司各脱。斯宾诺莎进一步深化了单义性概念,单义存在被等同于实体。德勒兹本人则主张让同一围绕差异旋转,他将单义存在论表述为差异存在论。在他看来,差异即力度,以力度为导向的单义存在论遵循诺莫斯(nomos),而非传统存在论的逻各斯(logos)。

Deleuze started to construct his own ontology in the late 1960s,in which the concept of univocity played a key role. In the history of philosophy,the idea of univocity was rooted in ontological difference and was taken as the explanation of the relation between being and beings. It was first proposed by Duns Scotus,then developed by Spinoza. After investigating important contributions of these two philosophers,Deleuze argues that we must abandon various traditional ontologies of identity and conceive the univocity-centered ontology of difference. More specifically,to say that difference is degree of power or intensity means that univocal ontology is also an ontology of intensity. Finally,the new ontological rule is nomos,which is completely different from traditional logos. Nomos is immanent,while logos is transcendent.