当代中国正义问题研究的现实逻辑与理论逻辑——《正义论》出版50周年引发的思考

Realistic Logic and Theoretical Logic in Contemporary China’s Research on the Problem of Justice: Reflections on the 50^(th) Anniversary of the Publication of Rawls’s A Theory of Justice

从学术路径看,正义问题研究在中国的兴起无疑受到了以罗尔斯《正义论》出版为契机的政治哲学当代复兴的影响。罗尔斯以正义取代效用,并将"社会基本结构"视为社会正义原则的主要问题,使其成为当代政治哲学的核心议题。从现实路径看,中国正从新中国成立后形成的"平等取向的社会"向新时代"公平取向的社会"转型,新的"社会基本结构"正在逐渐形成。党的十九届五中全会立足"两个一百年"奋斗目标的历史交汇点,将"将社会公平正义进一步彰显"列入中国"十四五"时期经济社会发展目标,开启全面建设社会主义现代化国家新征程。概言之,当代中国正义问题的研究就是中国社会转型的现实逻辑的理论映照。未来中国正义问题研究的任务是,运用马克思主义唯物史观提供的方法论,超越西方自由主义的政治理想和理论逻辑,吸收中国传统政治文化创造性转化和创新性发展成果,为21世纪的政治实践贡献中国正义理论和中国正义话语。

Theoretically,the surge in research on the justice problem in China is undoubtedly encouraged by the contemporary revival of political philosophy resulting from Rawls’s A Theory of Justice.In that work,Rawls replaces utility with justice.And he makes the"basic structure of society"the main issue of the principles of social justice and establishes it as the core topic of contemporary political philosophy.In practice,China is going through a transformation from the"equality-oriented society"to the"fairness-oriented society",and a new"basic structure of society"is gradually taking shape.The study of Chinese social justice issues theoretically reflects the realistic logic of the social transformation in China.The tasks of researching justice issues in China in the future will include:using the methodology provided by Marxist historical materialism,surpassing the political ideals and theoretical logic of Western liberalism,absorbing the creative transformation and innovative development of traditional Chinese political culture,and providing a Chinese justice theory and Chinese justice discourse for political practice in the 21stcentury.