罗尔斯构建规范正义理论的思想贡献

Intellectual Contributions and Meaningful References in Rawls’s Construction of a Normative Theory of Justice

在《正义论》中,罗尔斯运用社会契约论和自然法学说,精心构建并论证了正义原则和理论,从而复兴了规范性政治哲学。他深入批评功利主义,从伦理和制度建构主义进路论证了正义的制度,对于捍卫公民的平等自由权利和处理社会经济差别的原则作了经典论述。他以假设的原初境况下人们订立契约、经过慎思而选择正义原则的过程,来为正义制度的公共性和普遍性进行论证。罗尔斯开创了当代规范政治哲学研究的新领域,为人们论述并追寻正义的理论和分配制度提供了广阔的空间,也开拓了大量的学术讨论问题域。其理论在20世纪与西方权利和分配领域的政策主张直接联系在一起,推动了当代西方自由民主主义社会思潮的发展。深入探讨和研究罗尔斯的正义理论,并敏锐地介入批判性视角,可为构建中国政治哲学学术话语体系提供启示和参照。

In A Theory of Justice,Rawls applies social contract theory and natural law to carefully construct and argue for the principles and theory of justice,thus reviving the normative political philosophy.Using ethical and institutional constructivism,he strenuously criticizes utilitarianism,argues for institutions of justice,and presents a classic articulation of not only the principles that safeguard citizen’s rights of equality and freedom,but also the principles of dealing with social and economic differences.Starting from the hypothetical original position where people entered into contracts and chose principles of justice by deliberation,Rawls demonstrates the public and universal nature of justice institutions.He has established a new field of contemporary normative political philosophy research,and has provided a broad space for people to expound and follow justice theory and distributive systems.His theory directly connects to contemporary policy propositions in the areas concerning rights and distribution,has promoted the development of the contemporary liberal democratic social trend of thought,and also provides useful references for us to establish just distributive systems and construct Chinese political philosophy’s academic systems,disciplinary systems,and discursive systems.