康德的主体概念与同一性问题

Conceptions of Subject and Identity in Kant’s philosophy

先验主体在康德哲学中是既非现象也非物自身的不可知的x。先验自我意识是认识形式的原初根据和载体,它不能成为经验世界中的一个被构成的认识对象。先验自我意识和本体自我共同构成了解释经验主体的形而上学根据或本原。但是,康德并未对先验自我意识和本体自我之间的关系作出清楚的解释。康德的主体概念中包含认识论解释无法涵盖的形而上学前提,单纯从认识论角度解释超感性主体与经验主体之间的关系是无法成立的。

In Kant’s philosophy,the transcendental subject is an unknown X that is neither a phenomenon nor an object in itself.The transcendental subject,as transcendental self-consciousness,is the original ground and vehicle of the forms of cognition,and it cannot be constituted as an object of cognition in the empirical world.Transcendental self-consciousness must be combined with the noumenal self in order to establish a metaphysical ground and principle to explain the subject of experience.But the perspective of the transcendental subject threatens the objective picture of the natural world,and it is also difficult to explain the relation between the supersensible self and the empirical subject.Therefore,the concept of supersensible subject and the picture of the natural world are incompatible in Kant’s philosophy.