实现活动与亚里士多德《形而上学》■卷的整体结构

Senses of ενεργεια and the Structure of Aristotle’s Metaphysics ■

围绕亚里士多德《形而上学》■卷,学界历来多有争论,而争论的焦点是第六章。本文试图证明,就此章而言,过多关注δυναμιç而忽略实现活动(ενεργεια)的做法是有偏颇的。这不仅体现在对■卷的整体理解上,而且会遮蔽■卷和Λ卷的密切关系。本文就此得出三个结论:其一,立足于以往的研究,本文试图从实现活动角度对■6的类比做新诠,指出这一类比不仅是δυναμιç的扩展,更重要的是实现活动的扩展;其二,对实现活动做双重性区分。实现活动的第一义是功能或能力的发用,第二义是实体自身的持续存在。在此区分的基础上,我们可以梳理出一条实现活动的层级谱系:从目的在其自身之外的活动,进展到目的在自身之中的、具有“更高自主性”实体的实现活动。而最高的实现活动是神的活动;其三,尝试挑战博恩耶特对Θ6有争议段落的解释,这一段落放在■6此处是与上下文相吻合的,并且与■卷整体结构也并无矛盾。

There has been much scholarly debate surrounding■of Aristotle’s Metaphysics,and the focus of the debate is Chapter 6.This paper attempts to demonstrate that,in the case of■,too much attention has been paid to δυναμιç and too little to the activity of ενεργεια.The approach is biased.This will not only be reflected in the overall understanding of the■,but also obscure the close relationship between■and theΛ.This paper draws three conclusions in this regard.Firstly,based on previous research,it attempts to give a new exegesis of the analogy of ■6 from the perspective of ενεργεια,stating that this analogy is not only an extension of δυναμιç,but more importantly an extension of the ενεργεια.Secondly,it makes a dual distinction to the ενεργεια.The first meaning is the issuance of a capacity,and the second is the persistence of the entity itself.It is then possible to sort out a hierarchical spectrum of ενεργεια.Thirdly,this paper attempts to challenge Burnyeat’s controversial interpretation of the passage in■6,stating instead that the passage placed here in■6 is consistent with the context and does not contradict the overall structure of■.