从正思的萌生与否到心灵的健康与病态——朱子“中和新说”义理新探

A New Study on Zhu Xi’s“New Theory about‘Zhong-He’”

"中和新说"是朱子理论体系的关键组成部分,也是中国哲学中心灵理论方面的扛鼎之作。其中所定"未发""已发"的所指并不是"思虑未萌"和"思虑萌焉",而是"正思未萌"和"正思萌焉",且二者都有"健康""病态"之分,"健康未发"又有"极致健康"和"尚未极致健康"之分。病态的未发已发分属"不静""妄动"而相互蕴含,形成一个恶性循环;极致健康的未发和健康的已发则分属"静""动"而亦相互蕴涵,形成一个良性循环,这一良性循环即是"中和"范畴的基本意涵。依据"中和新说",我们可以对人类心灵作出极富启发性的分析。

The“New theory about‘Zhong-He’”(中和新说)is an important part of Zhu Xi’s theoretical system.I found it mainly contains four sub-topics:“the signification of‘Wei-fa(未发)’and‘Yi-fa(已发)’”,“the dynamic and static properties of them”,“the relation of them”and“the analysis of the human mind based on them”.The distinction between the“Wei-fa”and“Yifa”is not so much the production of thought as the production of positive thought,and both of them have healthy and pathological states;the healthy ones belong to dynamic and static and contain each other,forming a virtuous circle,while the sick ones belong to“acting in vain”and“not static”and also contain each other,forming a vicious circle.The former is the proper state of a healthy mind,while the latter means a sick mind.