氮肥配施有机肥对谷子品质的影响

Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer Combined with Organic Fertilizer on Quality of Millet

大田试验采用完全随机设计,以晋谷21为材料,设置不施肥、有机肥和尿素单施、有机肥和无机肥配施15个不同处理,不施肥为对照,研究了氮肥与不同有机肥以不同比例配施对谷子品质的影响。结果表明,有机无机配施有利于改善谷子品质,180kg/hm^(2)尿素与黄粉虫粪配施处理,谷子粗脂肪含量平均提升了5.36%,胶稠度延长了21.38%,类胡萝卜素含量提升了5.56%,支链淀粉和直链淀粉含量分别提高了22.06%和14.69%,淀粉支直比增加了35.33%。尿素与有机肥配施提高了小米亮度、黄绿值以及米色综合指标,改善了小米外观品质。尿素与黄粉虫粪配施提高了谷子氨基酸差值,提升了小米鲜味。小米品质主要受粗脂肪、粗蛋白、支链、直链淀粉含量以及米色的影响。因此优化施肥管理模式能够显著改善谷子品质。

The effects of N fertilizer and different organic fertilizers in different ratios on grain quality were investigated in a field experiment using a completely randomized design with Jingu 21 as the material and 15 different treatments of no fertilizer,organic fertilizer and urea alone,and organic and inorganic fertilizer with no fertilizer as the control.The results showed that the organic and inorganic fertilization was beneficial to improve the grain quality.The treatment of 108kg/ha urea with yellow meal manure increased the crude fat content of grain by 5.36%on average,the gum consistency by 21.38%,the carotenoid content by 5.56%,the amylose and amylopectin content by 22.06%and 14.69%,and the amylose-amylopectin ratio by 35.33%.The combination of urea and organic fertilizer improved the brightness,yellow-green value and overall index of rice color,and improved the appearance quality of millet.The application of urea with yellow meal manure improved the grain amino acid difference value and enhanced the freshness of millet.The quality of millet was mainly affected by crude fat,crude protein,amylose and amylopectin contents and rice color.Therefore,the optimized fertilization management pattern could significantly improve the millet quality.