乙烯利与1-甲基环丙烯调控小麦穗部籽粒形成的研究

Study on the Grain Formation in Wheat Spike Regulated by Ethephon and 1-Methylcyclopropene

为探明植物激素乙烯对小麦穗发育和籽粒形成的影响,以春小麦扬麦15为材料,在药隔期使用乙烯利与乙烯受体抑制剂1-甲基环丙烯(1-MCP)处理植株,分析籽粒形态并观察穗部性状,探究乙烯利和1-MCP处理前后穗发育进程和穗部不同部位籽粒形成过程。结果表明,乙烯利对小麦小花退化过程无显著影响,而1-MCP能显著降低小花退化率;乙烯利能够促进籽粒成熟,加速籽粒发育,减小籽粒体积;1-MCP会延缓小麦的生长发育,促进颖果生长,增加籽粒体积;乙烯利显著降低了小麦株高、顶部穗粒数、顶部穗粒重以及千粒重;高浓度乙烯利还能显著降低小穗数、顶部和中部穗粒数、每穗粒数等。1-MCP能够显著提高小麦颖果干重、颖果鲜重、小穗数、中部穗粒数、基部穗粒数、每穗粒数以及穗粒重,最终增加千粒重。

The spring wheat Yangmai 15 was used to explore the effects of ethylene on spike development and grain formation of wheat,wheat plants were treated with ethephon and ethylene receptor inhibitor 1-methylcyclopropene(1-MCP)at the stage of anther interval.The process of spike development and grain formation in different parts of spike before and after ethephon and 1-MCP treatment were explored by using grain morphology observation and spike character analysis.The results showed that,ethephon had no significant effects on the degeneration process of wheat floret,while 1-MCP significantly reduced the degeneration rate of wheat floret.Ethephon could promote grain maturation,accelerate grain development and reduce grain volume;1-MCP could delay the growth of wheat,promote the growth of caryopsis and increase grain volume.Ethephon significantly decreased the plant height,the number of grains in the upper part of each spike,grain weight of the upper part of each spike and 1000-grain weight of wheat.The number of spikelets,grains per spike,and grains per spike were also significantly decreased at high concentration of ethephon.The 1-MCP could significantly increase the dry and fresh weight of caryopsis,the number of spikelets,the number of grains in the middle and basal spike,the number of grains and the grain weight per spike,and finally increased 1000-grain weight.