高粱的耐瘠性与养分高效利用研究现状与展望

Research Status and Prospects of Barren Tolerance and Nutrient Efficient Utilization in Sorghum

施肥对作物增产具有重要作用,然而施肥对土壤等环境的影响也越来越严重。因此,如何鉴选与创制养分高效利用资源,选育高产、绿色品种已经成为目前高粱产业发展的重要研究方向。本文总结了国内外高粱种质资源耐瘠性鉴定、养分胁迫对高粱主要农艺性状的影响与生理学响应、养分效率的分子生物学研究、氮利用效率与根系分泌生物消化抑制等方面取得的研究进展,并对养分高效利用研究和氮高效利用品种选育进行了展望,为高粱新品种在中低产田产量提升、减施化肥和农业面源污染改善等方面提供技术支撑。

Fertilization in crop production has played a major role,however,the impact of fertilization to soil and other environment is also becoming more and more serious.Therefore,how to select and create the efficient utilization of nutrient resources,and get high-yield and green varieties has become an important research direction of the sorghum industry development today.In this paper,we summarized the research progress in the identification of barren tolerance of sorghum germplasm resources at home and abroad,the effects of nutrient stress on main agronomic traits and physiological responses of sorghum,the molecular biology of nutrient efficiency,and nitrogen use efficiency and biological nitrification inhibitors of root secretion.The research on nutrient efficient utilization and breeding of varieties with high nitrogen use efficiency were also prospected.These studies provided technical support for new sorghum varieties in improving yield of low and medium yield fields,reducing the application of chemical fertilizers,and improving agricultural non-point source pollution.