中国油菜种质资源研究利用策略与进展

Proposed Strategies and Current Progress of Research and Utilization of Oilseed Rape Germplasm in China

油菜是我国第一大国产植物油来源,种质资源在促进油菜育种和产业发展中发挥了关键作用,通过不断收集引进和发掘利用各类优异种质资源,培育高产优质高抗新品种,我国油菜每公顷水平由1949年的487.5 kg提高到了2017年的1995.2 kg,品质由"高芥酸和高硫苷"改良为"低芥酸和低硫苷",油品质可与橄榄油媲美,显著提升了我国食用植物油供给水平和质量。本文对我国在油菜种质资源收集编目、繁殖保存、评价挖掘、创新利用等方面的背景依据和研究进展进行了分析和评述,总结了近20年来中国油菜种质资源研究利用策略与取得的突破性进展,展望了今后我国油菜种质资源发展方向和重点任务。

Oilseed rape(Brassica napus)provides the largest source of vegetable oil produced in China.Oilseed rape germplasm has played a key role on the enhancement of rape breeding,production and commercial industries.Taking advantage of exploration of elite germplasm resources,breeding and the practical use of high-yielding high-quality high-resistance new varieties,the average rapeseed yield in China increased from 487.5 kg/hm^2 in 1949 up to 1995.2 kg/hm^2 in 2017.The historic poor-quality varieties with high erucic acid and high glucosinolates have been replaced in cultivation by modern varieties showing low erucic acid and low glucosinolates.The oil quality from the domestic market has been largely improved as good as olive oil,which has greatly improved edible vegetable oil supply and nutrition in China.This paper has reviewed the background and research progress on the collection,reproduction,conservation,evaluation and identification,gene discovery,enhancement and utilization of oilseed rape germplasm,and summarized the strategies and breakthroughs of oilseed rape germplasm research in the past two decades,as well as proposed future development directions and priorities.