“文艺批评科学化”的践行与推行——郑朝宗文学批评之路述评

Practice and Promotion of “the Scientification of Literary and Artistic Criticism’s”:The Way of Zheng Chaozong’s Literary Criticism

"钱锺书早在青年时期就已经立下志愿,要把文艺批评上升到科学的地位",这是郑朝宗对钱锺书的评价,也是他的学术生涯中一以贯之的追求。郑朝宗借助雪莱的《诗辩》奠定了他的文学观:文学是介入现实的生存方式,但不以言志载道为目的;文学是语言艺术,但不以技巧形式为目的。他的学术生涯的各个阶段,都是对这个目标的践行与推行:20世纪40年代,"以合时宜为新"的介入式批评;50年代,在举国政治挂帅的大环境中,借"百花争鸣"努力为文学的独立性争地位;60年代,困顿中对理想的守望;70年代末到80年代中期,与学生共同促成了中国文学批评方法的思考与转变;80年代中期后,则转向对方法论热后的反思。为郑朝宗赢得盛名的"钱锺书研究",是他"文学批评科学化"的一个实例。这一切说明:"文学批评科学化",是以清华学派为中心的一代人的追求。

"As early as his youth,Qian Zhongshu had made a resolution,which was to elevate literary and artistic criticism to the status of science",this is Zheng Chaozong’s comment on Qian Zhongshu as well as his persistent pursuit in his academic career.With the aid of Shelley’s Eloquence of Poetry,Zheng Chaozong set up his view of literature:literature is a way of existence that intervenes reality,but not for the purpose of expressing one’s ambition and carrying the Tao;literature is an art of language,but not for the purpose of skill form.All stages of his academic career are the practice and promotion of this goal:in the 1940s,socially engaged criticism of"keeping up with the time is new";in the 1950s,through"a hundred flowers contend",he strove for the independence of literature in the national context of politics came first;in the 1960s,he kept watch for the ideal in a difficult situation;from the late 1970s to the mid1980s,he and his students contributed to the thinking and transformation of Chinese literary criticism methods;after the mid1980s,he turned into the reflection after the upsurge of methodology."Research of Qian Zhongshu",which won a great reputation for Zheng Chaozong,was an instance of his"the scientification literary criticism’s".It all shows that"the scientification literary criticism"is the pursuit of the generation which Tsinghua School was the center.