空间植物栽培技术分析与思考

Analysis and review on plant cultivation techniques in space

在空间栽培植物,可以满足航天员对食物、O2和净水等生保物资的需求,同时缓解航天员的心理压力。研究空间特殊环境条件下植物栽培技术,对于最大限度发挥植物的功能有着积极的意义。本文针对空间飞行器中所搭载的不同类植物栽培装置,详细分析了开展空间植物栽培所涉及的关键技术,包括大气环境控制、水分/养分供给、光环境控制、植物选育、参数测量和植物栽培装置集成设计等,总结归纳了不同栽培技术的特点和适用场景,展望了我国后续开展空间植物栽培技术研究的基本内容,以及未来空间植物发展的基本趋势,为提高植物功能部件的生命保障能力,在深空探测任务中建立受控生态生保系统提供了技术基础。

Plants grown in space can meet the demands of food,oxygen and water purification for astronauts,as well as providing psychological benefits.It is very important for improving the plant production to study the cultivation techniques in space.In this article,several plant cultivation techniques applied in different plant facilities in space were analysed in detail,including atmospheric environment control,water and nutrient supply,light environment control,plant variety selection,parameter measurement and device integration design,and so on.The characteristics and application conditions of the techniques were summarized.The research contents on the plant cultivation techniques on Chinese Space Station in the future were proposed.The development trend on plant cultivation in space was presented.It provided a technical basis for improving the life support ability of plant functional component and establishing the controlled ecological life support system in the deep exploration mission.