区域性农商行经营绩效影响因素研究

Research on Influencing Factors of Regional Rural Commercial Banks’ Business Performance

近年来,由于全球经济不确定性增加、中国产业结构持续调整以及金融科技革命使得银行业的竞争激烈程度空前增加,中国区域性农商行的经营发展和绩效受到了显著冲击,在此背景下对中国区域性农商行经营绩效的影响因素进行适时研究分析、找出应对策略,对于其转换经营机制、提高竞争能力、提升经营绩效具有重要意义。本文选取全国85家区域性农商行2013—2018年的非平衡面板经营数据作为样本,首先运用主成分分析法从效益性、安全性和流动性三个维度对区域性农商行的经营绩效进行综合评价,进一步运用面板数据回归模型从内部、区域和宏观三个维度对区域性农商行的经营绩效影响因素进行实证分析。研究结果表明:中国区域性农商行经营绩效在近些年呈现下降趋势,其中内部因素中的负债来源结构与成本、资产投放效率、结构和效益、收益结构以及区域因素中的区域金融竞争和宏观因素均显著影响了区域性农商行的经营绩效;并且,相较于经济发展水平较高区域的农商行而言,经济发展水平较低区域的农商行更易受到区域和宏观因素的影响。由此,本文提出区域性农商行需要顺应金融政策变化和科技发展趋势,加强区域经济和产业形势研判,提升成本管控和风险管控能力,以及主动调整经营策略是区域性农商行改善经营绩效的主要方向。

In recent years,due to the increasing uncertainty of the global economy,the continuous adjustment of China’s industrial structure and the fintech revolution,the fierce competition in the banking industry has been increasing.Therefore,the development and performance of China’s regional rural commercial banks have been significantly affected.Thus,it is of great significance to research the influencing factors of China’s regional rural commercial banks business performance and find solutions to change the operation mechanism,enhance the competitiveness and improve business performance.Based on unbalanced panel data of 85 regional rural commercial banks from 2013 to 2018,this paper firstly evaluates regional rural commercial banks’business performance from the perspectives of profitability,safety and liquidity using principal component analysis method,and then uses panel regression model to analyze the influencing factors of the regional rural commercial banks business performance from the dimensions of internal factors,regional factors and macro factors.The results indicate that the operation performance of rural commercial banks has declined in recent years,and the main influencing internal factors including the structure and cost of debts,the structure,utilization efficiency and revenue of assets,regional financial competition factor and macro factors significantly affect regional rural commercial banks’performance.In addition,the results also indicate that rural commercial banks in less economically developed regions are more susceptible to regional and macro factors,compared with rural commercial banks in economically developed regions.Based on the above research results.This paper proposes that regional rural commercial banks should promote business performance through improving their cost control and risk management,taking advantage of the ongoing regional economic development and industrial restructuring,and adapting to financial policies and fintech development.