组织管理中感恩研究述评:一个多层次的理论模型

A Review of Gratitude Research in Organizational Management:A Multi-level Theoretical Model

近年来学者和管理实践者逐渐认识到感恩在组织管理中的积极作用,然而,由于感恩这一构念在组织管理领域中的研究发展时间较短,相关理论和实证研究都亟待丰富和完善。基于国内外现有研究成果,本文介绍了感恩的内涵、特点和测量情况,并从组织管理的角度,对事件层面、个体层面和组织层面影响感恩的因素进行了全面梳理。同时,本文从放大效应视角、拓展-构建视角、道德情感视角、关系视角这四种理论视角出发,系统考察了感恩的作用机制,并在此基础上构建了感恩研究的多层理论模型。最后,本文基于现有研究存在的不足,从关注感恩的人际互动过程,探究感恩的形成、作用机制和影响边界,拓展感恩的研究理论,探讨感恩的溢出效应,丰富感恩研究的层次与范围,以及优化感恩研究方法这六个方面提出了对未来研究方向的展望,期望促进组织管理中感恩研究的发展。

In recent years,organizational scholars and practitioners have gradually realized the positive role of gratitude in management.However,given the relatively short research history in organizational management,relevant theories and empirical studies need to be enriched and improved urgently.Based on the existing researches,this paper specifies the concept,characteristics and measurement of gratitude,and reviews relevant literature on factors affecting gratitude at event,individual and organizational level.Further,this paper investigates the mechanism of gratitude based on the Amplification Theory of Gratitude,Broaden and Build Theory,Find-Remind-andBind Theory and Gratitude as A Moral Affect Perspective,and constructs a multi-level theoretical model of gratitude.Finally,concerning the limitations of the existing researches,this paper proposes six future research directions,specifically,to pay attention to the interpersonal interaction of gratitude,to examine the mechanisms and boundary factors related to gratitude,to broaden research on gratitude from different theoretical perspectives,to explore the spillover effect on gratitude,to enrich gratitude from different levels and domains,and to optimize the research methods of gratitude,in hope of promoting the research on gratitude in organizational management.