地缘竞争中的跨境数据规制:动力、模式与前景

Cross-Border Data Regulation in Geopolitical Competition:Dynamics,Models and Prospects

技术向心原则是跨境数据流动的底层决定因素,与国家的认知偏好和国际权力竞争一同塑造了跨境数据规制模式。以人权保护为第一原则的欧式规则体系,以跨境数据自由流动为核心的美式规则体系和以安全和主权为核心的中式规制模式,在全球数据治理舞台上相互竞争。无论这些跨境数据规制体系有何初衷,其核心规制因素无外乎跨境数据的流向、流速和流径三者。现如今,全球跨境数据规制体系呈现碎片化、政治化和安全化的趋势,各规制主体之间进一步分化组合,围绕数据资源和数字规则的大国战略竞争有愈演愈烈之势。对此,我国应增加科技投入,细化法律规则,及时构建以我为主为我所用的中式规则体系。

The principle of technological centripetalism is the underlying determinant of cross-border data flows,and together with the cognitive preferences of states and international power competition,it shapes cross-border data regulation patterns.The European model with human rights protection as the first principle,the American model with the free flow of cross-border data as the core,and the Chinese model with security and sovereignty as the foundation compete with each other in the arena of global data governance.Regardless of the original intention of these cross-border data regulation systems,their key regulatory factors are the direction,speed and path of cross-border data flow.Nowadays,the global cross-border data regulation system has shown a trend of fragmentation,politicization and securitization,with further division and combination among various regulatory bodies.The strategic competition among major countries around data resources and digital rules has become more and more intense.In this regard,China should increase investment in science and technology,refine the legal rules,and build a Chinese regulation system in favour of us.