新型主流媒体新闻的身份建构框架:理想类型与话语机制

Identity Construction Frame in New Mainstream Media News:Ideal Type and Discourse Mechanism

通过框架分析与话语分析,借鉴认知科学、心理学、身份经济学、语用学等多学科的视角对新型主流媒体新闻的研究发现,其身份建构框架为:较低身份群体品德高尚,较高身份群体生活普通,负面道德更多被赋予高身份群体,身份价值的实现路径是依托美德。身份与道德之间的框架搭建主要通过扩大、延伸、诊断、鼓动实现。这种框架既受到文化原型的影响,也来源于弱势者道德优势的心理效应,既可以发挥平衡的功能,也易引发不同群体的压力。框架的具体运作主要依赖一定的话语机制:通过类化与比较建构模型与差异,通过隐喻与转喻赋予标签与偏向,通过典型的案例实现认可与否定。

This paper analyzes new mainstream media news by framing analysis and discourse analysis from the multidisciplinary perspective.It shows that there is an obvious identity construction frame which highlights that ordinary people have extraordinary virtue,people with high status often have ordinary life or negative morality,the way to increase identity value is to improve virtue.The frame,rooted in archetypes and underdogs moral superiority effect,is constructed through the mechanism of expansion,extension,diagnosis and agitation.It can bring about a state of psychological balance or different pressure for different groups.The operation of the frame mainly depends on the discourse mechanism including“model and difference,”“label and preference,”and“recognition and negation.”