乡村社会中新媒体使用与人际关系的变迁:基于豫东南一个村庄的田野考察

New media use and changes in interpersonal relationship inthe rural society:A field study of a village in Southeast Henan

新媒介赋权对乡村社会产生的影响越来越复杂,尤其对传统人际关系的影响最为明显。运用民族志、深度访谈等方法,对豫东南一个村庄在新媒介赋权下人际关系衍变的轨迹进行考察,研究发现,新媒介赋权经历着由“被组织”的他者赋权向“自组织”的自我赋权方向发展,乡村人际交往场景由现实空间向虚拟空间转换。新媒介赋权沿着熟人、半熟人和陌生人的路径对乡村社会人际关系进行解构。新媒介在对乡村社会人际关系赋权的“过程”与“结果”中,始终存在赋权与反赋权并存现象。新媒介持续赋权博弈下村民传统的交往逻辑、交往观念、认知偏好和空间偏好等都发生了转变,在人际关系亲密化与疏离化并存中,乡村社会人际关系发展渐趋理性化。村民从作为技术赋权受动的对象和处于权力客体地位的弱者,逐渐转化为乡村人际交往关系网络中的能动者,乡村社会的人际关系在此过程中得以重构。

New media have profoundly influenced the traditional pattern of interpersonal relationship in a rural society.This study conducted an ethnography and in-depth interviews in a village in Southeast Henan to examine the changes in interpersonal relationship in an era of new media.New media technologies are seen as a means to empower the villagers.They transformed from an inactive group who were used to being organized to a more active group who were able to organize at their own discretion.The context of interpersonal relationships in the rural society was undergoing a major change from an actual space to a virtual space.Meanwhile,users may engage in a disempowering situation when they were overly dependent on the new media,leaving no room for individual initiative and creativity.In such a dilemma,villagers’perception,mindset,and preference regarding their interpersonal relationships were constantly changing.