古代月令類文獻中的動物知識

Animal Knowledge in Ancient Yueling Literature

月令亦可稱“時令”,“月”指以月繫事,“令”兼具時令、政令之義,其對四時更替下的萬物進行集中描述,將自然、社會、政治等諸要素置於統一的解釋框架之中,反映出時間經驗下古人的思維方式。月令上可爲君主提供施政綱領,下可爲民衆提供生活指導,是一套古人在長期生産生活實踐中形成的龐大知識體系,兼具政治性、禮儀性及世俗性。

We can make use of Yueling literature in different historical periods to sort out the functional transformation of the animal knowledge.In Xia Xiaozheng,the ancient people used the chirping and hibernation of the animals,or the tracks of the migratory birds to grasp the replacement of natural seasons.The Book Liji-Yueling integrates the animal knowledge in Xia Xiaozheng into the framework of the five elements.And the animal knowledge no longer appears as the main character,but becomes into a kind of stereotyped narrative and a part of the government decree.As for Siminyueling,the animal knowledge is closer to People,s Daily life,covering animal breeding,animal sacrifice and animal medicine manufacturing and so on.In conclusion,the animal knowledge has experienced a historical change from the construction of“natural time”to“political time”and then to“life time”.