民国时期昭鲁坝区的水环境治理与农业发展困境

Water Environment Management and Agricultural Development Dilemma in Zhaolu Dam Area During the Republic of China

晚清以后由于天灾人祸频发,整个滇东北地区经济持续衰落、人民生活难以为继,因此民国时期开始对昭鲁坝区水环境进行治理,并取得一定成效。但是,农业经济恢复和发展仍然面对巨大的困境难以突破,究其原因主要在于水利体系没能构建起来、整个坝区仍然十分缺水。这导致昭通地区农业经济难以发展,不但影响政局稳定、导致烟毒泛滥,还影响云南局势和抗战大局。本文认为民国时期虽然有心“除水患、兴水利”,但由于条件限制,只是部分消除了水患,水利并未兴修起来,严重制约当地农业经济发展和人民生活条件的改善。本文以昭鲁坝区水利建设为切入点,分析昭鲁坝区农业经济在民国难以发展的原因和影响。考察民国在昭鲁坝区的水环境治理,可以为今天的生态环境建设、水利环境规划提供重要历史依据和借鉴。

After the late Qing Dynasty,due to frequent natural and man-made disasters,the economy of the whole northeast Yunnan continued to decline and people's life was difficult to sustain.Therefore,the water environment of Zhaolu Dam area was treated in the Republic of China period,and some results were achieved.However,the recovery and development of agricultural economy is still facing huge difficulties,the main reason is that the water conservancy system has not been built,and the whole dam area is still very short of water.This made it difficult to develop the agricultural economy in Zhaotong area,which not only affected the political stability and led to the spread of tobacco and drugs,but also affected the situation in Yunnan and the overall situation of the Anti-Japanese War.This paper holds that although the Republic of China had the intention to"remove the flood problem and develop the water conservancy",due to the limitations of conditions,the flood problem was only partially eliminated,and the water conservancy was not built,which seriously restricted the development of local agricultural economy and the improvement of people's living conditions.Based on the water conservancy construction in Zhaolu Dam area,this paper analyzes the reasons and influences of the difficult development of agricultural economy in Zhaolu Dam area in the Republic of China.The study of water environment management in Zhaolu Dam area in the Republic of China can provide important historical basis and reference for ecological environment construction and water conservancy environment planning today.