气象因素对输电线路外绝缘性能的影响研究综述——以云南省为例

A Review of the Influence of Meteorological Factors on the External Insulation Performance of Transmission Lines——from the Perspective of Yunnan Province

架空输电线路的外绝缘设备在运行过程中除了要同时满足机械上受力和电气上绝缘的要求外,还需要满足在风、雨、雪、雾、霾、大气污染以及极端气候等气象因素下保持一定性能的要求。主要以架空输电线路用悬式绝缘子为研究对象,首先分析综述了影响其外绝缘性能的几种主要气象因素,并以云南省为例介绍了各种因素的分布情况,及其对绝缘子闪络电压的影响规律和研究现状;其次,通过对气象数据的分析、处理与总结获得了不同因素的变化与输电线路外绝缘性能之间的关系,并在云南实际高海拔地区开展了悬式绝缘子的人工污秽试验,提供了一些有用的试验数据和结论,可为工程设计与运行维护提供参考和技术支持;最后,将气象因素和地理数据相结合,绘制了云南地区污区预测图,并提供了未来外绝缘防污闪工作的一种新思路。

The external insulation equipment of overhead transmission lines shall not only meet the requirements of mechanical stress and electrical insulation, but also meet the requirements of maintaining certain performance under meteorological factors such as wind, rain, snow,fog, haze, air pollution and extreme weather during operation. In this paper, suspension insulators for overhead transmission lines are taken as the research object. At first, several main meteorological factors that affect the external insulation performance are analyzed and summarized.Taking Yunnan Province as an example, the distribution of various factors, and their impact on insulator flashover voltage and research status are introduced;Secondly, through the analysis, processing and summary of meteorological data, the relationship between the changes of different factors and the external insulation performance of the transmission line is obtained, and the artificial pollution test of suspension insulator is carried out in the actual high-altitude area of Yunnan, providing some useful test data and conclusions, which can provide reference and technical support for engineering design and operation maintenance;Finally, this paper combines meteorological factors and geographical data to draw the pollution area prediction map in Yunnan, and provides a new idea for the future work of external insulation pollution flashover prevention.