北京地区野生鼠类及其携带蜱媒病原体调查

Investigation on tick-borne pathogens carried by wild rodent in Beijing

为掌握北京地区野生鼠类携带蜱媒传染病病原体种类情况,本研究对2018-2019年采集北京周边地区野生鼠类并对其种类进行鉴定,运用巢氏PCR方法检测鼠脾脏样本中蜱媒病原体巴贝西虫、伯氏疏螺旋体、斑点热群立克次体和无形体的携带情况,随后对阳性结果进行数据统计和序列分析。本次调查共捕获野生鼠类478只,涵盖11个鼠种,其优势鼠种分别为社鼠(30.96%,148/478)、大林姬鼠(15.27%,73/478)和棕背[鼠平](15.27%,73/478)。感染率最高的是社鼠,携带巴贝西虫、伯氏疏螺旋体、无形体3种病原体,感染率分别为28.38%(42/148),4.05%(6/148)和6.08%(9/148),其次为棕背[鼠平],携带巴贝西虫(B.microti)、伯氏疏螺旋体(Borrelia sp.ALEPB216)、斑点热群立克次体(R.raoultii)、无形体(uncultured Anaplasma sp.clone tick-43)4种病原体,感染率分别为12.33%(9/73),2.74%(2/73),1.37%(1/73)和19.18%(14/73)。同时,发现该地区的野生鼠类中存在巴贝西虫和伯氏疏螺旋体复合感染,巴贝西虫和无形体复合感染共6例,复合感染率为1.3%(6/478)。通过对104份阳性样本进行序列测定,挑选每个鼠种序列进行系统发育分析,发现北京地区野生鼠类携带的病原体属于巴贝西虫、伯氏疏螺旋体、立克次体、无形体、埃立克体(Candidatus Ehrlichia khabarensis),新埃立克体(Candidatus Neoehrlichia mikurensis)6类。北京地区野生鼠类中普遍存在巴贝西虫,且种类相对单一;伯氏疏螺旋体与美国和西班牙鼠中发现的Borrelia sp.序列最为接近,属国内首次报道;立克次体属北京地区首次发现。北京地区需进一步加强蜱传疾病的监测和防控工作。

To investigate the pathogens of tick-borne infectious diseases carried by wild rodents in Beijing district,samples of wild rodents in the parts of Beijing were collected from 2018to 2019.The tick-borne pathogens Babesia,B.burgdorferi,SFGR and A.phagocytophilum were tested by PCR,and representative positive samples were selected for sequencing and nucleosides acid sequence analysis,aphylogenetic tree was built based on the sequence of the target gene,and the taxonomic position of the pathogen was determined.A total of 478wild rodents were captured in this study,covering 11species,and the dominant species were Shemophia(30.96%,148/478),Agrocyrus chinensis(15.27%,73/478)and Amur chinensis(15.27%,73/478).The infection rate was the highest in the Niviventer confucianus,carrying three pathogens:Babesia,Borrelia and Anaplasma.The infection rates were 28.38%(42/148),4.05%(6/148)and 6.08%(9/148),respectively.The second was Myodes rufocanus,which carries four pathogens:Babesia,Borrelia burgdorferi,Rickettsia spotted fever,and Anaplasma.The infection rates respectively were 12.33%(9/73),2.74%(2/73),1.37%(1/73)and 19.18%(14/73).A total six cases of combined infection were detected,and the combined infection rate was 1.3%.The combined infection of Babesia and Borrelia burgdorferi,Babesia and Anaplasma were found.Through the sequence determination of 104positive samples,the sequence in each species of rodents were selected for phylogenetic analysis.Rodents carry six pathogens:B.microti,Borrelia sp.ALEPB216,R.raoultii,Uncultured Anaplasma sp.clone tick-43,Candidatus Ehrlichia khabarensis and Candidatus Neoehrlichia mikurensis.In conclusion,Babesia ubiquitous was found in wild rodents in Beijing area,and the species is relatively single;Borrelia was the closest to the sequence of Borrelia sp.found in American and Spanish mice,which was the first report in China;R.raoultii was found in Beijing for the first time.The Beijing needs to further strengthen the monitoring and prevention of tick-borne diseases.