民国职业女性生育困境原因及根源探析

The Cause and Origin of the Fertility Dilemma of Working Women in the Republic of China

民国时期职业女性作为备受社会瞩目的群体,她们面临的生育困境如因生育失去工作、因承担双重角色导致过度劳累以及育儿过程中的孤立无援等,也成为社会的公共议题。从社会经济文化的变迁而言,职业女性陷入生育困境的直接原因主要包括四个方面:民国经济转型导致传统育儿模式的改变、育儿天职论与女性独立论的并立、小家庭制度的出现以及托幼机构等幼儿早期教育资源的匮乏。从社会结构层面而言,近代父权制的形成则是生育困境产生的根源。

In the period of the Republic of China,working women attracted the social attention but faced fertility dilemmas.Working women’s losing jobs due to childbirth,overtiredness under dual roles,and parenting alone became public issues.In terms of social economic and cultural changes,the direct reasons for working women’s fertility dilemmas are as follows:change of traditional parenting mode as a result of the economic transition,the combination of parenting duty and being independent women,the emergence of nuclear family,and the lack of early childhood education resources such as nursery institutions.From the perspective of social structure,the origin of the fertility dilemma is the formation of modern patriarchy.