便携式全集成核酸分析系统技术综述

Review of the Portable Fully Integrated Nucleic Acid Analysis System

核酸检测在临床疾病诊断、公共卫生、食品安全、分子育种、法医鉴定等领域发挥着重要的作用。常规实验室核酸检测分为样品预处理、核酸提取和扩增检测等3个步骤,需要在实验室分区域分步进行,需要多步手工操作和配套的多台仪器设备,操作繁琐,整个检测流程耗时长,且易产生交叉污染。因而发展全集成自动化的核酸检测及分析系统是必然趋势。目前便携式全集成核酸分析系统更是需求紧迫,借助微流控技术,有望实现相关系统的设计需求,为满足床旁检测和现场即时核酸检测提供可能。综述便携式全集成核酸检测系统所涉及的核酸生物检测技术和全集成核酸分析核心器件技术,对比一些代表性的全集成核酸分析系统,概括出具有多学科交叉化、技术路径多样化、高度集成化和功能拓展化的技术特点。最后,面对分子诊断需求复杂、快速检测要求高、全自动操纵和低成本的挑战,概述便携式全集成核酸检测系统技术的发展方向。

Nucleic acid testing plays important roles in many fields,such as clinical diagnosis,public health,food safety,molecular breeding,and forensic identification.In standard nucleic acid testing laboratories,physically separated spaces are required for sample preparation,nucleic acid extraction,and amplification,and many manual operations and supporting equipment are involved,which makes the entire detection process tedious,inefficient,and prone to cross-contamination.Therefore,the trend of nucleic acid detection and analysis is to develop fully integrated and automated nucleic acid detection systems.With the development of microfluidic technology,it is now possible to construct a fully integrated portable nucleic acid analysis system to satisfy the needs of point-of-care testing and/or on-site detection.This article reviewed the technical characteristics of the fully integrated portable nucleic acid analysis system from the aspects of biotechnology and microfabrication technology,compared some fully integrated representative systems for nucleic acid analysis,and proposed its technical characteristics of multi-disciplinarity,diversification of technology paths,full integration and functional expansion.At the end of the article,we concluded the challenges of complex molecular diagnostic requirement,high requirement for rapid detection,fully automatic operation and low cost for the portable fully integrated nucleic acid detection system technology,as well as discussed the possible future development.