3D打印器官芯片研究进展

Research Progress of 3D Printing Organ-on-a-Chip

器官芯片是一种将生物体活细胞植入精准设计的微流体芯片内,可特定再现生物体组织器官功能的仿生的微生理系统,在疾病模拟、毒性检测、新药研发、精准医疗等许多方面具有独特应用前景。3D生物打印技术与器官芯片技术相结合制作3D打印器官芯片,可实现芯片制造工艺的简易化和低成本化,同时满足对复杂异质三维微环境的精细需求。综述3D打印器官芯片在打印方式、打印墨水等方面的研究进展,阐述其最新生物医学应用,总结器官芯片结构和功能单元的打印方式和打印墨水,探讨基于现有打印工艺实现器官芯片一体化制造的潜在可行性,概述3D打印器官芯片技术在心、肝、肺、肾、神经、肿瘤等组织和器官结构和功能仿生方面的最新进展,最后展望3D打印器官芯片技术领域的发展趋势和有待解决的关键问题。

Organ-on-a-chip is a biomimetic microphysiological system that recapitulates certain functions of tissues and organs by seeding live cells in delicately designed microfluidic chips.Organ-on-a-chip has a wide application in disease simulation,toxicity detection,new drug development and screening,personalized medical treatment,etc.The application of 3 D printing organ-on-a-chip realizes the simplification and low cost of the chip manufacture and meet the delicate requirements of complex heterogeneous three-dimensional microenvironments.This review updated the recent progress in 3 D printing organ-on-a-chip from the aspects of printing methods,printing inks and their biomedical applications.We reviewed the printing methods and ink materials for the construction of structural and functional units of organ chips and discussed the potential to develop more efficient one-step manufacture of organ chip.At last,we summarized the recent progress of using 3 D-printed organ chip in bionic heart,liver,lung,kidney,nerve,tumor models,and outlook the future trend of organ-on-a-chip techniques.