摘要
目的调查分析陕西省市售水果中杀虫剂和杀菌剂类农药残留情况,评估当地居民通过摄入水果的农药残留暴露风险。方法采集2018—2021年陕西省10个地市共6大类486份市售水果样品,依据国家风险监测工作手册《植物性样品中农药多组分残留的气相色谱-串联质谱(GC-MS)法测定的标准操作程序》和《植物性样品(含食用菌)中农药多组分残留的液相色谱质谱-串联质谱(LC-MS)法测定标准操作程序》对水果中13种杀虫剂和15种杀菌剂残留水平进行检测,依据GB 2763—2021《食品安全国家标准食品中农药最大残留限量》评价多组分农药残留的检出和超标状况。采用点评估法对各类农药残留进行急性、慢性膳食暴露风险评估,通过食品安全指数模型对检出农药开展总体风险判定。结果本次监测的28种农药除吡唑醚菌酯、恶霜灵、腈菌唑、异菌脲4种杀菌剂和灭线磷、灭蝇胺、氟氯氰菊酯3种杀虫剂未检出,其余21种农药均有不同程度的检出,检出率在0.77%~21.54%,共7份样品4种农药残留超标,超标率在0.28%~1.27%,且有禁用的高毒农药检出。核果类(39.24%)、热带及亚热带水果(28.33%)、柑橘类(26.47%)及仁果类(25.96%)水果的农药残留检出率较高,浆果类(2.54%)的超标率较高,且均存在多种农药联合使用的情况。各类农药的急性和慢性膳食暴露量均低于其健康指导值,单项农药的食品安全指数均小于1,水果总体食品安全指数小于1。结论陕西省市售水果中农药残留检出率较高,但超标率较低,本次监测的水果膳食摄入风险在可接受范围内,整体安全质量良好。
Objective To assess human exposure risk from pesticide residues through ingestion of fruit in Shaanxi Province,pesticide residues in fruits were investigated and analyzed.Methods Four hundred eighty-six commercialized fruit samples from 6 categories were collected from 10 cities in Shaanxi Province from 2018 to 2021.Two standard procedures,including“National Risk Monitoring Manual Standard Operating Procedure for the Determination of Multi-Component Pesticide Residues in Vegetal Samples by Gas Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry(GC-MS)”as well as“Standard Operating Procedure for the Determination of Multi-Component Pesticide Residues in Vegetal Samples(including Edible Fungi)by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry(LC-MS)”were used to analyze the residues of 13 kinds of insecticides and 15 kinds of bactericides.Furthermore,the detection rate and over-standard rate of multi-component pesticide residues in fruits were evaluated according to the GB 2763—2021“National Food Safety Standard-Maximum Residue Limits of Pesticides in Food”.The point assessment method was used to assess the acute and chronic dietary exposure risks of all pesticide residues,and a food safety index model was used to determine the overall risk assessment of the detected pesticides.Results In addition to four bactericides(pyraclostrobin,oxadixyl,myclobutanil and iprodione)and three insecticides(ethoprophos,cyromazine and cyfluthrin),the remaining 21 pesticides,including some banned,highly toxic pesticides,were detected to different degrees with detection rates ranging from 0.77%to 21.54%.Four pesticide residues in seven samples exceeded the standard,with detection rates ranging from 0.28%to 1.27%.The detection rate of pesticide residues was highest in stone fruits(39.24%),tropical and subtropical fruits(28.33%),citrus fruits(26.47%),and kernel fruits(25.96%).The over-standard rate was highest in berry fruits(2.54%),and combined utilization of multiple pesticides was found.The values for acute and chronic dietary exposure to all pesticide types were lower than the health guidelines.The food safety index for a single pesticide is<1.The overall food safety index of the fruits was less than 1.Conclusion Although the detection rate of pesticide residues in fruits from Shaanxi Province was relatively high,the over-standard rate was low.The risk from dietary intake of fruits monitored in this study was within an acceptable range;therefore,the safety and quality of the commercialized fruits collected from 2018 to 2020 met the requirements.
作者
赵莹
王玮
尹丹阳
梁晓聪
乔海鸥
ZHAO Ying;WANG Wei;YIN Danyang;LIANG Xiaocong;QIAO Haiou(Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Shaanxi Province,Shaanxi Xi’an 710054,China)
出处
《中国食品卫生杂志》
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第12期1749-1756,共8页
Chinese Journal of Food Hygiene
关键词
陕西省
水果
农药残留
风险评估
Shaanxi Province
fruit
pesticide residue
risk assessment