9种药食同源物质重金属及农药污染状况Meta分析

Meta analysis of heavy metal and pesticide pollution status of nine medicinal and edible substances

目的对杜仲叶、党参、肉苁蓉、铁皮石斛、黄芪、西洋参、天麻、灵芝及山茱萸9种试点药食同源物质重金属及农药污染水平和现状进行Meta分析。方法检索PubMed、中国知网、维普及万方数据库,获取2000—2022年发表的9种药食同源物质中重金属、农药、环境污染物研究文献,根据文献纳入排除标准进行筛选,对纳入的文献采用Meta法进行分析。结果本研究共纳入106篇文献,涉及来自23个省(市)9种药食同源物质中铅(Pb)、镉(Cd)、汞(Hg)、砷(As)、铬(Cr)、铜(Cu)及镍(Ni)7类重金属,有机氯类、拟除虫菊酯类和有机磷类等42种农药。9种药食同源物质重金属污染合计均值为0.22 mg/kg(95%CI:0.13~0.39),其中杜仲叶重金属污染合计均值最高,为2.80 mg/kg(95%CI:0.75~10.37),其次为铁皮石斛,合计均值为0.30 mg/kg(95%CI:0.18~0.49),其余7种药食同源物质中重金属合计均值均低于0.30 mg/kg;7类重金属中铜污染水平最高,其次为镉和铅,亚组分析表明不同产地的药食同源物质中7类重金属污染水平具有较高的异质性(P<0.05)。42种农药污染水平均值存在异质性(P<0.05),铁皮石斛、西洋参、肉苁蓉、黄芪及天麻5种药食同源物质中五氯硝基苯、六六六、滴滴涕残留量合计均值位列前3。结论不同药食同源物质重金属及农药污染类别及污染水平存在差异,重金属污染与产地和药食同源物质种类有关,部分药食同源物质中可检出禁用农药,应进一步加强药食同源物质污染物溯源分析,同时加大对药食同源物质生产加工监管和监测力度。

Objective To evaluate the heavy metal and pesticide pollution status of nine medicinal and edible substances,including Eucommia ulmoides leaves,Codonopsis pilosula,Cistanche deserticola,Dendrobium candidum,Astragalus membranaceus,Panax quinquefolium,Gastrodia elata,Ganoderma lucidum,and Corni Fructus.Methods PubMed,China National Knowledge Network(CNKI),VIP,and Wanfang databases were searched to obtain research literature published from 2000 to 2022 on heavy metals,pesticides,and environmental pollutants in nine medicinal and edible substances.The literature was screened according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria,and the included studies were analyzed and pooled into estimates using meta-analysis.Results A total of 106 studies encompassing seven heavy metals,including lead(Pb),cadmium(Cd),mercury(Hg),arsenic(As),chromium(Cr),copper(Cu),and nickel(Ni),and 42 pesticides,including organochlorine,pyrethroid,and organophosphorus,of nine types of medicinal and edible substances used as food collected from 23 provinces(municipalities)were comprehensively analyzed.The average heavy metal content in the medicinal and edible substances used as food was 0.22 mg/kg(95%CI:0.13~0.39),and the average heavy metal content of Eucommia ulmoides leaves was the highest(2.80 mg/kg,95%CI:0.75~10.37),followed by Dendrobium candidum with an average value of 0.30 mg/kg(95%CI:0.18~0.49).The average value of heavy metals in the other medicinal and edible substances was lower than 0.30 mg/kg.Among the seven heavy metals analyzed,the Cu exhibited the highest content,followed by Cd and Pb.Subgroup analysis showed that the contents of the seven heavy metals in medicinal and edible substances collected from different locations had high heterogeneity(P<0.05).The metaanalysis showed that heterogeneity existed in the mean values of 42 pesticides(P<0.05),and the total mean values of pentachloronitrobenzene,BHC and DDT in Dendrobium candidum,Panax quinquefolium,Cistanche deserticola,Astragalus membranaceus,and Gastrodia elata were the highest.Conclusion There are differences in the categories and contamination levels of heavy metals and pesticides in medicinal and edible substances.Heavy metal pollution is related to the origin and type of medicinal and edible substances.Prohibited pesticides can be detected in certain medicinal and edible substances,and further traceability analyses of pollutants in medicinal and edible substances should be conducted.The supervision and monitoring of the production and processing of medicinal and edible substances should be strengthened.