论学术评价的价值尺度——兼谈“唯论文”问题的根源

The Value Yardstick for Academic Evaluation: The Root of the Problem of “Only Publications Count”

学术评价的目的是发现学术成果的价值,促进学术交流和发展。价值尺度是判断学术评价客体价值大小的依据。形式上,它表现为各类评价标准或指标体系。本质上,它代表了学术评价组织者的价值导向。在实际的评价活动中,评价组织者是评价活动主体,是价值主体,但不一定是评价主体或价值判断者。而实际的评价主体,是价值判断者,但不一定是价值主体。在每次学术评价活动中,一方面同时存在评价活动主体和评价主体,二者是委托代理关系;另一方面同时可能存在两个价值尺度,一个是评价组织者(委托人)提供给评价主体(代理人)的外在价值尺度,另一个是评价主体自己的内在价值尺度。这两个价值尺度相互影响,共同作用于对评价客体的价值判断或测度。"唯论文"实质上是评价组织者的价值尺度问题,或者说,是其价值导向问题。

The purpose of academic evaluation is to ascertain the worth of the fruits of research and to promote academic communication and development.This yardstick forms the basis for judging the value of the object of the evaluation.In formal terms,it is expressed through various evaluation standards or indicators,and in terms of its essential nature,it represents the value orientation of the actors organizing the evaluation activities.The evaluation organizers make value judgements in the actual evaluation activities,but they do not necessarily function as the subjects of evaluation activities or values.Every academic evaluation activity has simultaneously an actor in the evaluation activity and an actor in the evaluation;the two have a principal-agent relationship.There may be two simultaneous yardsticks:the external one provided by the evaluation organizer(the principal)to the subject of the evaluation(the agent),and the latter’s own internal yardstick.These two interact with each other and work together to judge the worth of the object of the evaluation.The criterion under which"only publications count"is essentially aquestion of the value scale of the evaluation organizer,or rather,aquestion of its value orientation.