再论强制阐释

A Re-Discussion of Imposed Interpretation

中国阐释学的建构,首先必须在解决诸多具有基础性意义的元问题上有新的见解和进步。强制阐释作为一种阐释方式,在各学科文本研究与理论建构上,已有极为普遍的表现。偷换对象,变幻话语,借文本之名,阐本己之意,且将此意强加于文本,宣称文本即为此意。如此阐释方式,违反阐释逻辑规则和阐释伦理,其合法性当受质疑。阐释是有对象的。对象是确定的。背离确定对象,阐释的合法性即被消解。在心理学意义上,强制阐释有其当然发生的理由,但绝非意味着强制阐释就是合理且不可克服的。就像谬误难以避免,但并不意味着它就是合理且不可克服的一样,更不意味着它就是真理。具有强大理论与逻辑力量的阐释无须强制。阐释是动机阐释。坚持阐释对象的确定性,坚持阐释学意义上的整体性追求,对阐释动机的盲目展开以有效的理性约束,是实现正当及合理阐释的根本之道。在文学领域以外,对由主观动机发起的强制阐释尤当保持警惕。坚持从现象本身出发,坚持阐释的整体性观点,坚持阐释的多重多向循环,是合理规范阐释强制性的有效方式。

The construction of the Chinese hermeneutics must,first of all,have new insights and progress in solving many fundamental meta-problems.Imposed interpretation,as a kind of interpretation,has been very common in the study and theoretical construction of texts in various disciplines.By adopting the method of imposed interpretation,one steals objects and employs disguised discourse;using the name of the text,one elucidates one’s own ideas,imposing these ideas on the text,and claiming that that is what the text means.Such a means of interpretation violates the rules of logic and ethics of hermeneutics,so its legitimacy should be questioned.Any interpretation has an object.The object is determined.The legitimacy of interpretation dissolves when it deviates from the determined object.In the psychological sense,there is a reason for imposed interpretation,but this does not mean that it is justifiable or insurmountable.This is just like the fact that a fallacy is unavoidable does not mean that it is justifiable or insurmountable,or that it is the truth.Interpretations with strong theoretical and logical force do not need to be imposed.Interpretation is of motivation-driven nature.The fundamental way to achieve proper and reasonable interpretation is to insist on the certainty of the object of interpretation and on the pursuit of hermeneutical wholeness,and to use rationality to effectively restrain the arbitrary outstretch of the motive of interpretation.Outside the field of literature,it is particularly important to be vigilant against imposed interpretations initiated by subjective motives.The effective way of limiting imposed interpretation is to insist on starting from the phenomenon itself,with a holistic view of and the multiple and multi-directional cycles of interpretation.