转换与运用:本事批评与中国现当代文学

Transformation and Application:“Criticism of Original Events” and Modern and Contemporary Chinese Literature

现当代文学研究的"古典化""史学化"实践,不仅需要"以古为师",更需要对古典方法予以有效的创造性转换。作为古典考据学重要方法之一的本事批评,在现当代文学领域具有引人瞩目的理论空间和应用前景。对古典本事批评的现代转换,要在人物原型、事件原型与情境原型及其改写过程的史料考订上做足功夫,更要对从本事向故事演变过程中发生支配作用的故事策略、叙述机制等内在逻辑进行深入分析。借此叙事学和文化研究的双重眼光,古典本事批评就可能被激活,转换为"考""释"并举、史料与阐释有机融合的新型研究方法,广泛地运用于现当代文学作品甚至作家分析之中。虽然这种现代的本事研究也存在对象与方法层面的客观局限,但它对现当代文学文化与叙事价值的深度分析,对现当代文学研究传统的调整与重建,都具有极为重要的探索价值。

The practices of"classicizing"and"historicizing"in the study of modern and contemporary literature requires not only"learning from the ancients,"but also the creative transformation of classical methodology.As one of the important methods of classical textual criticism,"criticism of original events"occupies an intriguing theoretical space and application scenario in the field of modern and contemporary literature.The modern transformation of this form of criticism requires a thorough examination of the historical data relating to the characters,events and situational archetypes and the processes by which the narrative was rewritten,as well as an indepth analysis of the internal logic of the storytelling strategies and narrative mechanisms that govern the texts’evolution from a story of original events to a fictional story.With this dual vision of narratology and cultural studies,classical criticism can be reactivated and transformed into a new research method that combines both"textology"(kao)and"interpretation"(shi)with the organic integration of historical materials and interpretation,an approach that can be widely applied in the analysis of modern and contemporary literary works and even writers.Although there are objective limitations to the subjects and methods of research in modern stories founded on original events,they are of great value for exploration in terms of in-depth analysis of the cultural and narrative values of modern and contemporary literature and of the adjustment and reconstruction of the literary research tradition during this period.