清末刑事附带民事诉讼的引入——基于《天津府属试办审判厅章程》的考察

The Introduction of the Incidental Civil Action in Late Qing——The Investigation Based on The Act of the Tianjin Experimental Court

学界对中国刑事附带民事诉讼制度的发生史语焉不详,本文依据学界鲜有关注的史料提出,该制度发端于1906年12月草成、1907年3月颁行的《天津府属试办审判厅章程》第99条。该章程的起草者、时任直隶州试用知州王仁铎在《天津府属试办审判厅章程理由书》中详述了刑事附带民事诉讼的设立理由。作为日本法政大学法政速成科第二班的毕业生,王仁铎引入该制度的理论来源是其留日时刑事诉讼法教员板仓松太郎的授课内容。《天津府属试办审判厅章程》对刑事附带民事诉讼的引入,是清末诉讼制度改革方向由英美法系转向大陆法系的标志之一,此后中国历次刑事诉讼法的编纂,均设有刑事附带民事诉讼。

The history of the beginning of the incidental civil action in China is not spoken in detail.Based on the historical data rarely concerned by the academic community,the paper holds that the Article 99 of The Act of the Tianjin Experimental Court is the beginning of the incidental civil action in China,which has been drafted in December 1906 and been issued in March 1907.In the comment of The Interpretation of the Act of the Tianjin Experimental Court,Wang Renduo detailed the reasons for the establishment of the incidental civil action,who is the drafter of the act and the probationary chief of the Chihli prefecture.As the graduate of the Second Class of the Hosei University's Law and Political Crash Course,The theoretical source of Wang Renduo was Tanaka Mataro's course content,who is the criminal procedure law teacher.The introduction of The Act of the Tianjin Experimental Court to the incidental civil action is one of the signs that the direction of litigation reform in late Qing has changed from Anglo-American law system to civil law system.Since then,every compilation of China's criminal procedure law has set up the incidental civil action.