司法敌视仲裁?——论英国法律中“支持仲裁”政策的历史变迁

The Historical Treatment of Arbitration Under English Law and the Development of the Policy Favouring Arbitration

本文考察了英国法律对仲裁的司法态度以及“支持仲裁”政策的历史变迁。与法律文献中的通说相反,研究表明英国在18世纪和19世纪对于仲裁的司法态度从未表现出敌意。立法机关早在17世纪末便已提出“支持仲裁”政策,随后英国法院根据成文法和19世纪的普通法所作出的裁判继续发展了这一政策。本文首次提出,英国的仲裁制度最初是作为法院系统的一部分而出现的纠纷解决机制,并非与法院系统相对立。理解英国仲裁的发展历程十分重要,这不仅是出于历史研究的目的,而且还可以为当前围绕英国仲裁法的正当性和日后修订的探讨提供一些有益的见解。

The article examines the judicial attitude and the development of the policy of English law favouring arbitration.It suggests that,contrary to the prevailing narrative in legal literature,English judicial attitudes in the 18th and 19th centuries never reflected a hostility to arbitration.As is demonstrated,a policy favouring arbitration was introduced by the legislature as early as the end of the 17th century,and was subsequently developed by English courts deciding under statutory law and in the 19th century under the common law.The analysis offers,for the first time,an account of English arbitration as a dispute resolution system which originally emerged as being part of,rather than antagonistic to,the English courts system.Understanding how arbitration developed in England is important not only for historical purposes,but also because it can provide helpful insights into current debates surrounding the legitimacy and potential reform of English arbitration law.