《诗经·小弁》题旨新辩:兼正《三家诗遗说考》误说一则

A New Exploration of the Title of The Book of Songs,Xiao Pan——Also Correcting a Mistaken Explanation Examination of the Three Schools of Poetry

先秦时期孔子和孟子分别从政治、家庭维度对《小弁》展开论说,毛诗学派的解读利用太子宜臼(咎)被周幽王废逐一事,综合了政治和家庭、君臣和父子之间的关系,得到了北宋至清代学者的普遍认可。《小弁》中超越家庭关系的政治性话语意蕴贯穿始终,传统的宜臼被父放逐说和闻一多的弃妇说等均忽略了这一现象。《毛诗序》将其视为刺诗自有道理,但其附诗于史的倾向使后世产生诸多争端。《小弁》抒发了君臣关系破裂后的贤人失志之悲,其内容当与父子无关,亦与宜臼无关。

In the Pre Qin period,Confucius and Mencius respectively discussed Xiao Pan from the political and family dimensions,and the Mao poetry school skillfully integrated the relationship between politics and family,the monarch and his subjects,and father and son,by taking advantage of the fact that Prince Yijiu was deposed by King You of Zhou of Zhou Dynasty,which was widely recognized by scholars from the Northern Song Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty.However,the political discourse meaning of detachment from family relations in the poem runs through the entire process,and the traditional theories of Yijiu being exiled by his father and Wen Yiduo’s theory of abandoned wife have both ignored this issue.The Preface to Mao’s Poetryregards it as a satirical poem,which is reasonable.However,the tendency to attach poetry to history has caused many disputes in later generations.Xiao Pan expresses the sadness of the wise people losing their aspirations after the breakdown of the relationship between monarchs and subjects,and its content has nothing to do with father and son,let alone Yijiu.