留守初中生心理弹性的调查研究及教育建议

Investigation and Educational Suggestions on the Mental Resilience of Left-behind Junior Middle School Students

为了了解留守初中生面对挫折和压力时的态度,采用心理弹性量表对随机选取的留守初中生进行调查。结果显示:(1)不同类型初中生心理弹性整体处于中等略偏上水平,但是非留守学生的心理反弹能力显著高于留守学生。这表明,留守情境会影响留守初中生的心理发展。(2)面对挫折困境时,不同类型初中生在制定计划、坚定目标和解决问题的专注度方面没有显著差异。(3)在经历和面对挫折情境时,留守学生的认知态度相对消极,自我控制和调整情绪的能力较弱;非留守学生感受到来自家庭成员的尊重和支持较多,认为人际关系对自己的帮助较大。建议:培养积极认知,增强正向情绪,发展个人力;构建积极的社会支持系统,增强支持力。

The psychological resilience scale was used to investigate the randomly selected left-behind junior high school students to understand their attitudes in the face of setbacks and pressure.The research shows that:(1)the overall mental resilience of different types of junior high school students is slightly above the middle level,but the mental resilience of non-left-behind students is significantly higher than that of left-behind students,which indicates that the left-behind situation will affect the psychological development of left-behind junior high school students;(2)in the face of setbacks and dilemmas,there is no significant difference between different types of junior high school students in planning,firming goals and focusing on solving problems;(3)when facing the frustration situation,the left-behind students’cognitive attitude is relatively negative,and their ability of self-control and emotion adjustment is weak;the non-left-behind students feel more respect and support from family members and believe that interpersonal relationships are more helpful to them.The study suggests that:we should cultivate left-behind middle school students’positive cognition,enhance their positive emotions,develop personal strength and build positive social support system to enhance supports.