清代孔氏翰林院五经博士与衍圣公关系研究

Research on the Relationship between the Five Classics Doctor and Yanshenggong in the Imperial Academy of Confucius in Qing Dynasty

历代统治者尊孔崇儒,都会赐予孔圣嫡系及近支后裔相应的爵位和官职,其中衍圣公与五经博士均为世爵职官。他们之间的关系如下:孔氏翰林院五经博士由衍圣公保举,病故、丁忧等均需上报衍圣公,同时五经博士也有辅佐衍圣公管理奉祀生等责任。此外五经博士及所属官凡经人控告,均得由衍圣公先行传讯,或自行断结,或移送地方官审讯,未经衍圣公传讯,地方官不得先行审理。以孔子为代表的儒家学说是中国的底蕴和国魂之所在,崇礼圣哲、优礼圣裔正是彰显了对文明的依皈和道统的承继。

All the rulers of the past dynasties respected Confucius and idolized Confucianism,and all of them granted corresponding titles and official posts to his lineage and descendants,both Yanshenggong and the five classics doctor were hereditary officials.Their relationship is as follows:five classics doctor was recommended by Yanshenggong.His death and Dingyou(丁忧)should be reported to Yanshenggong.The five classics doctor also has the responsibility to assist Yanshenggong in the management of enshrined students.In addition,the five classics doctor and his officials who have been charged may be first summoned by Yanshenggong.Without Yanshenggong’s summoning,the local officials shall not first trial.Confucianism,represented by Confucius,is the essence of China and the soul of the country.The worship of sages and preferential treatment for the descendents of saints show the conversion to civilization and the inheritance of orthodoxy.