清代南北官话儿化现象对比——以《语言自迩集》《官话类编》为例

Contrastive Study on the Use of Rhotacitation between Northern and Southern Official Dialects in Qing Dynasty ——Taking Yuyan Zierji And Guanhua Leibian as Examples

清代官话有南、北两个主要分区,北方官话以北京话为代表,南方以南京官话为主。受到南北官话对立的影响,清代汉语教材也体现出南北官话不同的语言特点。指小的"儿"作为构词形态在南京官话中接受度较高,但由语音变化产生的儿化现象在南京官话中受到排斥。在民国时期南北官话融合过程中,南京官话对北京话中的儿化现象有约束和控制的作用。

The official dialects in Qing Dynasty have two main divisions,northern dialect and southern one.The northern mandarin dialect is represented by Beijing dialect,while the southern mandarin is dominated by Nanjing mandarin.Influenced by the antagonism between the north and the south,the Chinese conversation textbooks in Qing Dynasty also reflected the different linguistic features.We find that"儿"is widely used as a diminutive marking in Nanjing mandarin but is marginalized as a result of phonetic modification.There was a North-south integration of language during the period of the Republic of China,in which Nanjing mandarin has a restrictive and controlling effect on the development of"儿"in Beijing Dialect.