我国委托监护制度概念重释与立法构建

Reinterpretation of the Concept of Entrusted Guardianship System in China

《民法总则》颁布前,委托监护制度的规定散见于《未成年人保护法》和《民通意见》中。然《民法总则》并没有对委托监护进行一个明确的处理,委托监护制度是否有存在的必要存在疑问。在理论界,即便承认委托监护制度的价值,诸多学者对于委托监护的确切概念、适用条件与限制的理解并非统一。旨在追本溯源,对委托监护制度存在的现实必要性、学理可行性及具体且具备可操作性的制度构建进行探讨,通过委托监护与法定监护二元体系互为补充,形成合力以达到完善未成年人合法权益之保护目的。

Before the promulgation of the General Rules of the Civil Law,the provisions entrusted to the guardianship system were scattered in the Law on the Protection of Minors and the Opinions of the Supreme People’s Court on the Implementation of the General Rules of the Civil Law of China."The General Rules of Civil Law"does not have a clear treatment of authorized guardianship,and it is still doubtful if the authorized guardianship system exists.Theoretically speaking,even if the value of the entrusted guardianship system is recognized,many scholars do not understand the exact concept,applicable conditions and limitations of entrusted custody,especially in the case that some scholars ambiguously or even mixed the concept of authorized guardianship and intentional custody.It aims to trace the source,through the analysis of the nature of custody and examine the status quo of extraterritorial legislation,to explore the practical necessity,academic feasibility and concrete and operational system construction of the entrusted guardianship system.Through authorized guardianship and legal custody,the dual system of custody complements each other and forms a synergy to achieve the protection of the legitimate rights and interests of minors.