知识产权的特征重解:以创新性为核心特征

知识产权的特征是与其他权利相比的特殊之处,必须满足两个条件:一是所有知识产权都有该特征。由此可以排除时间性,因为署名权、商业秘密和未注册商标等权益都不具有时间性。二是其他权利都没有该特征。由此可以排除所有权利都具备的无形性、专有性和地域性,以及人格权也具备的客体非物质性和信息性、权利内容的多元性和多重性、权利的受限制性和保护范围的不确定性。知识产权的核心特征是创新性,表现为权利客体是与人格无关的创新性符号,权利设立目的是鼓励创新。要求创新性的原因在于,新的智力成果及与商品来源有新联系的商业标识才是稀缺财产。重解知识产权的特征可以解决网络虚拟财产权、姓名和名称权益、著作人格权和数据集合权的定性难题。

The characteristics of intellectual property rights(IPRs)are unique features compared to other rights,and must meet two conditions.Firstly,all IPRs share these characteristics,therefore,the characteristic of temporality shall be excluded since the rights of authorship,trade secret,and unregistered trademarks are not temporal.Secondly,other rights lack these characteristics,and this condition can exclude invisibility,exclusivity,and regionality as all rights possess these traits as well.It also exclude the non-material and informational characteristics of the object,the diversity and multiplicity of the content of rights,the limitations of rights,and the uncertainty of the protection scope,because personality rights also have these characteristics.The core characteristic of IPRs is innovativeness,which is manifested in two aspects.First,the object of rights is an innovative symbol unrelated to personality.Second,the purpose of establishing rights is to incite innovation.The demand for innovativeness arises from the scarcity of new intellectual achievements and commercial marks with new connections to the source of goods.Reinterpreting the characteristics of IPRs can solve the problem of determining the nature of rights,such as network virtual property rights,the rights of personal and business names,personality rights in copyright,and data collection rights.