数字时代商业秘密制度理论基础的再检视

我国关于商业秘密制度理论基础的探讨集中于商业秘密的法律属性,主要有法益说和知识产权说两种观点。在数字时代技术变革的背景下,制度现代化发展再次对厘定商业秘密的理论基础提出要求。在现代财产观念下,商业秘密保护具有归属效能、排除效能和典型社会公开性特点,已超越法益范畴而成为一项权利,却无法归入狭义知识产权范畴,难以利用体系化的方式进行制度完善,有必要从属性厘定转向保护原因的探讨。从结构功能主义视角出发,区别于法定知识产权,商业秘密应定位为私力构建产权的保护机制,系基于占有而产生的类似于物权的财产权,这既能够对现有商业秘密制度作出相对周延的解释,已为现代立法广泛接纳,也更加符合现代信息财产保护的制度需求。

There are mainly two viewpoints about the theoretical basis of the trade secret system:the theory of legal interests and the theory of intellectual property rights.In the context of technological revolution,the institutional development once again requires clarification of the theoretical basis of trade secrets.Under the modern concept of property,the protection of trade secrets has the characteristics of"allocation function","exclusion function"and"typical social obviousness",it has surpassed the scope of legal interests and has become a right in legal sense,but cannot be included in the scope of intellectual property right.Therefore,it's hard to improve the trade secrets system by the systematic approach,and necessary to deepen the discussion from the level of attribute to reasons for trade secrets protection.From the perspective of structural functionalism,different from statutory intellectual property rights,trade secrets should be positioned as a protection mechanism for privately constructed property.It is a property right similar to physical property based on possession.It can provide a relatively comprehensive interpretation for the existing trade secret system,which is widely accepted by modern legislation and can also meets the institutional modern needs of information property protection.