禁止权利滥用原则在商标权不当行使案件中的适用

本文梳理了涉及商标权不当行使的18件民事诉讼案件,归纳其要点,评析裁判得失,由此探讨不当行使行为的认定方式和规制模式。商标权不当行使行为的规制核心是禁止权利滥用原则的适用问题。禁止权利滥用原则作为一般条款,无法采用“构成要件—法律效果”的适用框架,应当引入动态系统论方法,识别出认定行使行为构成权利滥用所需考虑的各个要素及其权重综合作出判定。对于商标权不当行使中最主要的恶意注册商标并行使权利的行为,无论是根据司法解释还是动态系统论方法,都应当基于其作为主要目的的恶意直接认定构成权利滥用。由此总结出依据禁止权利滥用原则规制商标权不当行使行为所需考虑的四个方面:权利外观、行使行为、滥用认定和法律后果。

This article summarizes 18 civil litigation cases involving the improper exercise of trademark rights,categorizes their key points,evaluates the successes and failures of these judgments,and explores ways on determining and regulating improper exercise of rights.The core of regulating improper exercise of trademark rights is the application of the principle of prohibiting abuse of rights.As a general clause,the principle of prohibiting abuse of rights cannot adopt the framework of"constituent elements-legal effects",rather it should introduce the flexible system approach to identify the various elements and their weightings that must be considered to determine whether the exercise of rights constitutes an abuse of rights.As the most significant acts in the improper exercise of trademark rights,registering trademarks or exercising trademark rights in bad faith should be directly identified as abuse of rights based on its main purpose of bad faith,whether according to judicial interpretations or by the approach of flexible system.Therefore,four elements should be considered in regulating improper exercise of trademark rights in accordance with the principle of prohibiting abuse of rights:the appearance of rights,the exercise of rights,the determination of abuse,and the legal consequences.