“山水林田湖草沙”的形成、功能及保护

Evolutions, functions and conservations of mountains-rivers-forests-croplands-lakes-grasslands-deserts system

"山水林田湖草沙"是对我国多样化生态系统的简要概括和通俗表达。它们在外观和结构上存在明显差异,但又相互联系、相互影响,共同构成生命共同体,为人类社会延续发展提供物质基础和必要条件。当前,"山水林田湖草沙"的一体化治理、保护和修复,已成为推动我国生态文明建设的重要抓手。文章较为系统地总结了我国"山水林田湖草沙"的本底情况,简要介绍它们形成的条件和原因,并从生产、生态、文化与景观等三个方面阐述各自的主要功能。在此基础上,文章基于生态学视角,对生态文明建设中应如何开展"山水林田湖草沙"的治理、保护和利用进行了讨论,回顾国内外若干对生态环境产生负面影响的案例,并简要阐述生态文明建设的生态学途径。

Mountains-rivers-forests-croplands-lakes-grasslands-deserts system is a brief summary and easy-to-understanding description of China’s diversified ecosystems.Despite the significant differences in the appearance and structures,mountains,rivers,forests,croplands,lakes,grasslands,and deserts together constitute a“community of life”through complex interconnections and interactions,providing material foundations and necessary conditions for the development of human society.At present,the integrated management,protection and restoration of the system have been an important starting point to promote the construction of ecological civilization in China.We summarize the background information on each component of the system,and briefly describe their formations and main functions.Meanwhile,we discuss how to conduct the governance,conservation and utilization of the system in the context of ecological civilization construction,review several cases which showed negative impacts on the environments,and briefly elaborate the measurements for ecological civilization construction from the perspective of ecology.