苏联专家与新安江水电站工程建设

Soviet Experts and the Construction of the Xin’anjiang Hydropower Station

新安江水电站是中华人民共和国"一五"计划补增的重要水电站。在官方宣传中,苏联专家对该电站建设的作用较为模糊。基于大量档案和文献资料,本专题研究以新安江水电站为案例,管窥苏联专家在中华人民共和国成立初期大中型水电站工程建设中的角色与影响力的转变过程。苏联专家在地质勘测、工程设计及工程建设等不同阶段对新安江水电站工程建设提供了重要帮助。"大跃进"运动期间,苏联专家对水电站建设中的急促冒进提出警示却并无作用。苏联专家撤走后,通过贯彻"八字方针",中方努力进行"填平补齐"和"技术革新",保障了工程的顺利完工。

Xin’anjiang Hydropower Station was an important construction project that was added into the First Five-Year Plan in China.In official propaganda,the role of Soviet experts in its construction is vague.Based on plentiful archives and documents,and taking the Xin’anjiang hydropower station as an example,this paper explores the transformation of the roles and influence of Soviet experts in the construction of large and medium-sized hydropower stations in the early days of the founding of the PRC.Soviet experts provided important assistance in the construction of the Xin’anjiang hydropower station at different stages,such as geological surveys,and engineering design and construction.During the"Great Leap Forward",Soviet experts warned against the rash speed of construction,but their advice was not heeded.After the withdrawal of the Soviet experts,through the implementation of the"Eight-character Policy",China made efforts to carry out"filling,leveling and complementing"and"technological innovation"to ensure the smooth completion of the project.