个人破产立法中的争议与抉择——以《深圳经济特区个人破产条例》为例

Controversies and Choices Related to Individual Bankruptcy Legislation:On The Individual Bankruptcy Regulation of Shenzhen Special Economic Zone

《深圳经济特区个人破产条例》是我国首部关于个人破产制度的地方立法,弥补了我国现行破产立法的空白,为我国制定全国性个人破产立法进行了开创性的探索。在条例的起草、修改过程中,一些涉及立法目的、权能架构、程序设计、破产公开的重大问题引发了争议,这些问题包括:救济贫困与促进经济发展是否应当兼顾;破产审判权与破产管理权是否应当分离,我国是否需要设立专门的破产管理机构,构建破产审判权与破产管理权分工协作的破产办理体制;如何确定清算、重整与和解程序的功能定位,破产重整制度与破产和解制度是否有必要同时并行,个人破产制度需要怎样的和解制度;破产信息公开的正当性何在,是否有必要通过立法形式将破产信息公开上升为个人破产制度的基本原则之一,如何保护个人破产信息中涉及的个人隐私。本文对这些争议问题做了梳理和剖析,对其他争议事项则以清单方式进行列举。

As the first local individual bankruptcy legislation in the mainland of China,The Individual Bankruptcy Regulation of Shenzhen Special Economic Zone has supplied a gap in existing laws and creatively explored the ways for the making of future national individual bankruptcy legislation.However,Controversial issues concerning legislative purposes,the framework of power and right,the procedure design,and the publication of bankruptcy information during the drafting and revising of the regulation.For example,these issues include how to balance poverty relief and economic development,whether or not to separate judicial authority from administrative function regarding bankruptcy,whether or not to establish a specialized bankruptcy management office in order to reform the bankruptcy resolving system coordinating with judicial affairs and administrative affairs respectively,how to define the role and function of the liquidation,restructuring,and settlement procedures,whether to carry out the restructuring and settlement deals simultaneously,what kind of settlement to be sought to deal with individual bankruptcy,where to locate the legitimacy and justification to publish bankruptcy information,whether or not to make the publication of the information a basic principle of individual bankruptcy system,and how to protect privacy when publishing related bankruptcy information.There are the issues dealt with in this article.