理论的历史性:重访布轮退尔的“戏剧规律”论说

The Historicity of the Theory:Revisiting Brunetière’s The Law of the Drama

以布轮退尔"戏剧规律"论说为中心,对现代戏剧理论的发生过程进行回顾,展开从理论文本到历史语境的跨越式阅读,以期重新阐发现代戏剧理论书写自身的历史性。布轮退尔关于"戏剧规律"的论说实际承范于黑格尔,但在19世纪末再次提出大体相同的论述,对于已经走过历史上升阶段的资产阶级的戏剧文化来说,却具有相当不同的意味。这种历史的错位形成了一种内在于现代戏剧理论自身的症候,包括布轮退尔在内的众多理论家的努力实际构成了一种精神分析式的"否认",即无法直面曾经作为历史主体的资产阶级行动的失败,不愿承认西方戏剧文化的历史连续性的幻觉已经在易卜生之后被打破。理论自身对于某种恒定的戏剧"规律"或"本质"的孜孜以求,受到了它得以产生的时代性的质询。

Focused on Brunetière’s theory articulated in his The Law of the Drama,this paper reviews the development of modern drama theory and makes a trans-reading from the theoretical text to the historical context.The main purpose is to re-explain the historicity of the writing of modern drama theory.Brunetière’s theory of The Law of Dramais actually inherited from Hegel,but at the end of the 19 th century he put forward the same argument again,which had quite different implications for the bourgeois drama culture which had gone through the historical rising stage.This kind of historical dislocation has formed a symptom of modern drama theory itself.The efforts of many theorists,including Brunetière,actually constitute a kind of psychoanalytic"denial",they can not face the failure of the bourgeois action which was once the main body of history,and the illusion of the historical continuity of Western drama culture has been broken after Ibsen.The theory’s own pursuit of a certain constant drama"law"or"essence"is questioned by the times when it can be produced.