场域决定思想——当代中国政治思想变迁的知识社会学逻辑(1978—2000)

The Field Shapes the Thought:The Logic behind the Change of Contemporary Chinese Political Thoughts from the Perspective of Sociology of Knowledge(1978—2000)

对于当代中国出现过哪些政治思想、这些思想经历过何种变迁,学界已有很多研究。但要解释思想变迁背后的逻辑,仅仅研究思想文本是不够的,而要引入知识社会学方法,考察场域对思想的影响。20世纪80年代中期之前中国以理论界场域为主,政治思想具有高度的一致性;80年代中后期治理空间的松动让公共知识界场域复兴,新的思想开始生产并影响社会大众;90年代的治理转型孕育了最庞大的专业学术界场域,政治思想在社会中变得边缘化。不同场域的分布和内在逻辑,决定了当代中国政治思想的走向。在中国案例之外,知识社会学范式也有助于理解思想变迁的真实过程。

There has been a large amount of research on the political thoughts and their changes in contemporary China.Merely studying the texts of thoughts,however,is far from explaining the logic behind the changes.Instead,the Sociology of Knowledge shall be introduced to investigate the influence of field on the thoughts.Before the mid-1980 s,the dominating official theoretical field gave birth to highly unified political thoughts.The public intellectual field,along with the growing social space in the middle and late 1980 s,began to produce new thoughts that influenced the masses.The governance transformation in the 1990 sbrought about the largest professional field that further marginalized political thoughts in the society.The distribution and logic of different fields have largely shaped the trends of contemporary Chinese political thoughts.Beyond China,the paradigm of Sociology of Knowledge also helps to understand the real process of ideological change.