政治哲学构建的四条路径

Four Paths of the Construction of Political Philosophy

政治哲学构建的路径是政治哲学研究中应当受到高度重视的一个问题。考察政治哲学构建的路径,一个重要的切入点是价值与事实的关系。从这个切入点来看,在政治哲学史上有四条具有标志意义的路径,分别是从价值走向事实且保持两者异质的路径、从事实走向价值且保持两者同质的路径、从价值走向事实且保持两者同质的路径以及从事实走向价值且既保持两者同质又保持两者异质的路径。这四条路径的代表人物,分别是柏拉图、洛克、罗尔斯、马克思。要构建既能够真实反映和刻画改革开放以来的历史实践和历史进程,又能够对这一历史实践和历史进程发挥思想启示和价值引导作用的当代中国政治哲学理论,我们需要吸收柏拉图、洛克、罗尔斯等人的理论路径中有价值的成分,但马克思政治哲学之构建的复合式路径,更值得我们参考和借鉴。

The path of construction of political philosophy is an issue that should be paid great attention to in the study of political philosophy.The relationship between value and fact is an important entry point to investigate the path of construction of political philosophy.From this point,there are four meaningful paths in the history of political philosophy.The first one is the path from value to fact and differentiate each other,the second one is the path from fact to value and uniform each other,the third one is the path from value to fact and uniform each other,the fourth one is the path from fact to value,both uniform and differentiate each other.The representative figures of these four paths are Plato,Locke,Rawls and Marx.To construct the contemporary Chinese political philosophy theory to reflect and guide the history and practice since the reform and opening up,we need to absorb the valuable components of the paths of Plato,Locke and Rawls,but the path of Marx is more worthy of reference.