古典实践概念与近代自然法传统——对古典美德伦理学的一个批评性考察

The Classical Concept of Practice and the Early Modern Natural Law Tradition——A Critical Investigation of Classical Virtue Ethics

古典美德伦理学的基础是古典实践概念,它在本质上是自然主义的。但是,透过对亚里士多德正义美德的分析,古典实践概念所预设的人的行为模式的内在理论困难被揭示出来,同时正义与财产权的内在联系也被呈现出来。从托马斯·阿奎那开始,这一点已经在中世纪的自然法中被逐渐触及,而从格劳秀斯到洛克的近代自然法传统则通过对财产权起源的探讨,最终将劳动确立为财产权的基础。由此,古典实践概念在近代自然法传统中便获得了根本的拓展,由一个局限在道德领域的人类活动概念转化为一个普遍的生产劳动概念。

The foundation of classical virtue ethics is the classical concept of practice,which is naturalistic in nature.However,through the analysis of Aristotelian virtues of justice,the inherent theoretical difficulties of human behavior patterns presupposed by the classical concept of practice have been revealed,and the inner relationship between justice and property rights has also been revealed.Starting with Thomas Aquinas,this has been gradually touched in natural law in the Middle Ages.The early modern natural law tradition from Grotius to Locke finally established labor as the basis of property rights by exploring the origin of property rights.As a result,the classical concept of practice has been fundamentally expanded in the early modern natural law tradition,transforming from a concept of human activity confined in the field of morals to a general concept of productive labor.