如何在科学治理的背景下理解科学的辩护问题

How to understand the Justification of Science in the context of Governance of Science

科学是一种知识体系、实践活动,更是一种社会建制。当今,科学不再是单纯对确定性真理的追求,而是综合了科学内在价值和社会价值的集体性开放事业。因此对科学进行辩护需要突破传统科学哲学命题分析的框架,基于科学治理的维度构建一种多维的科学辩护体系。从认识论和社会学两种研究路径入手,融合传统科学辩护的理论考量和科学治理的实践向度,将个人认知、集体共识、社会评价纳入科学辩护框架。既对科学内容又对科学价值进行辩护,是求真与求善的统一。在对科学内容辩护时,考察科学内容在哪些方面,在多大程度上与对象相符。在对科学价值辩护时,科学的伦理价值与认知价值同等重要。科学辩护的社会评价要注重参与讨论的公众的代表性以及公众与专家平等讨论协商的过程。

Science is not theory-dominated but practice-dominated at the same time the organizational system.It is no longer pursuit of certainty and truth,but a collective open enterprise that integrates the cognitive value and social value.It is necessary to break through the traditional proposition analysis framework in philosophy of science and build a multi-dimensional justified system based on the dimensions of governance of science to justify the science.The new justification system of science is epistemological and sociological,and integrating three dimensions of personal cognition,consensus of scientific community,and social evaluation into the framework of justification system.Justified science is concerning both content and value of science,and the unity of seeking truth and goodness.For the content of science,it is examining the what extent correspondence from theories to the object.For the value of science,it is considering the ethical value is as important as the cognitive value.The social evaluation should focus on the various standpoint of the public especially vulnerable groups,and the process of equal discussion and consultation between the public and experts.