情感脑机接口技术应用的伦理挑战与应对

Ethical Challenges in the Application of Affective Brain-computer Interfaces

情感脑机接口是脑机接口的分支,通过机器与人脑直接连接对情感状态进行识别和调控。对情感的识别目前主要通过非侵入的方式进行情感状态测量,应用于医疗保健、教育、娱乐等领域。情感调控分为情感助推、情感治疗和情感增强等层面。该技术的研究与应用在提高人类的生活质量,治疗、增强人类情感能力的同时,对用户的安全与隐私、知情同意、自主性、同一性等方面带来了严峻的伦理挑战。以伦理为导向的技术设计、预期治理和健全伦理审查与监督机制等策略可以在一定程度上降低或者规避伦理风险,并规范情感脑机接口技术的发展与应用。

Affective brain-computer interfaces is a particular form of brain-computer interfaces,which recognizes and regulates emotions through the direct connection between the human brain and devices.Now affective regulation is mainly carried out by non-invasive way to measure the emotional state,which is applied to health care,education,entertainment and so on.Affective regulation is divided into emotional nudge,emotional therapy and emotional enhancement.The research and application of this technology not only improve the quality of life,cure and enhance the affective ability of human beings,but also bring serious ethical challenges to users’security and privacy,informed consent,autonomy,and identity.Ethical oriented technology design,anticipatory governance,and perfect ethical supervision and review mechanism can reduce or avoid ethical risks to a certain extent,and standardize the development and application of technology.